Everything about Coenzyme A totally explained
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Coenzyme A (
CoA,
CoASH, or
HSCoA) is a
coenzyme, notable for its role in the
synthesis and
oxidation of
fatty acids, and the oxidation of
pyruvate in the
citric acid cycle. It is adapted from
cysteamine,
pantothenate, and
adenosine triphosphate.
Biosynthesis
Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate:
- Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase
- A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
- PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
- 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase
- Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase.
Function
Since coenzyme A is chemically a
thiol, it can react with
carboxylic acids to form
thioesters, thus functioning as an
acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring
fatty acids from the
cytoplasm to
mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an
acetyl group is also referred to as
acetyl-CoA. When it isn't attached to an acyl group it's usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'.
List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups
Acetyl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Coumaroyl-CoA (used in flavonoid and stilbenoid biosynthesis)
Acyl derived from dicarboxylic acids
Butyryl CoA
Additional images
Image:Coenzym A beschriftet.svg|Coenzyme A
Further Information
Get more info on 'Coenzyme A'.
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